Dehiscence of leptosporangium:

The leptosporangia with 64 or 32 spores dehisce in a definite way with the help of annulus present on the sporangia. The actual mechanism is the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy. The direction of annulus (vertical or horizontal) determines the direction of dehiscence (horizontal or vertical). Based on the dehiscence mechanism of leptosporangia, scientists manufactured microactuator for the production of electricity. The annulus helps to dehisce the sporangium like a catapult. Dehiscence of fern leptosporangium